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SS.SCS.ICS.HchrEdw Halcampa chrysanthellum and Edwardsia timida on sublittoral clean stone gravel

Published date 2015-03

Periodically disturbed sublittoral stone gravel with small pebbles characterised by the presence of the anemones Halcampa chrysanthellum and Edwardsia timida. Associated species are often typical of a...


SS.SSa.IMuSa.SsubNhom Spisula subtruncata and Nephtys hombergii in shallow muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

In shallow non-cohesive muddy sands, in fully marine conditions, a community characterised by the bivalve Spisula subtruncata and the polychaete Nephtys hombergii may occur. The sediments in which thi...


SS.SMu.CFiMu Circalittoral fine mud

Published date 2015-03

Sublittoral muds, occurring below moderate depths of 15-20 m, either on the open coast or in marine inlets such as sea lochs. The seapens Virgularia mirabilis and Pennatula phosphorea are characterist...


IR.HIR.KFaR.FoR Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

A dense turf of foliose red seaweeds on exposed or moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock, generally, at or below the lower limit of the kelp. Most of the red seaweeds are common to the kelp zone...


SS Sublittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Sediment habitats in the sublittoral near shore zone (i.e. covering the infralittoral and circalittoral zones), typically extending from the extreme lower shore down to the edge of the bathyal zone (2...


SS.SSa.CFiSa Circalittoral fine sand

Published date 2015-03

Clean fine sands with less than 5% silt/clay in deeper water, either on the open coast or in tide-swept channels of marine inlets in depths of over 15-20 m. The habitat may also extend offshore and is...


IR.FIR.SG.CrSpAsAn Anemones, including Corynactis viridis, crustose sponges and colonial ascidians on very exposed or wave surged vertical infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical very exposed and exposed bedrock gullies, tunnels and cave entrances subject to wave-surge dominated by sponge crusts such as Clathrina coriacea, Myxilla incrustans, Pachymatisma johnstonia a...


IR.MIR.KT.LdigT Laminaria digitata, ascidians and bryozoans on tide-swept sublittoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered bedrock, boulders and cobbles that are subject to moderate to strong tidal water movement characterised by dense Laminaria digitata, coralline crusts and sponges such as Halichondria panicea...


IR.FIR.SG.CrSpAsDenB Crustose sponges and colonial ascidians with Dendrodoa grossularia or barnacles on wave-surged infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical and overhanging, exposed to moderately exposed bedrock gullies, tunnels and cave entrances subject to wave surge, and dominated by the crustose sponges Halichondria panicea, Myxilla incrustan...


IR.MIR.KR.Ldig.Ldig Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to sheltered sublittoral fringe bedrock dominated by a dense canopy of Laminaria digitata, often with a wide range of filamentous and foliose red seaweeds beneath. The most frequently occurrin...



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