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LS.LSa.St.Tal Talitrids on the upper shore and strand-line

Published date 2015-03

A community of sandhoppers (talitrid amphipods) may occur on any shore where driftlines of decomposing seaweed and other debris accumulate on the strandline. The biotope occurs most frequently on medi...


LS.LBR.LMus.Myt Mytilus edulis beds on littoral sediments

Published date 2015-03

Dense aggregations of Mytilus edulis on the mid and lower shore, on mixed substrata (mainly cobbles and pebbles on fine sediments), on sand, or on sheltered muddy shores. In high densities the mussels...


IR.FIR.SG.CrSpAsAn Anemones, including Corynactis viridis, crustose sponges and colonial ascidians on very exposed or wave surged vertical infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical very exposed and exposed bedrock gullies, tunnels and cave entrances subject to wave-surge dominated by sponge crusts such as Clathrina coriacea, Myxilla incrustans, Pachymatisma johnstonia a...


IR.FIR.SG.CrSpAsDenB Crustose sponges and colonial ascidians with Dendrodoa grossularia or barnacles on wave-surged infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical and overhanging, exposed to moderately exposed bedrock gullies, tunnels and cave entrances subject to wave surge, and dominated by the crustose sponges Halichondria panicea, Myxilla incrustan...


IR.HIR.KFaR.FoR Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

A dense turf of foliose red seaweeds on exposed or moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock, generally, at or below the lower limit of the kelp. Most of the red seaweeds are common to the kelp zone...


LR.FLR.Rkp.SwSed Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Rockpools with sediment (mud, sand, gravel) floors support distinct communities of scour-tolerant seaweeds. Deep pools with sediment are similar to FK, and are typically dominated by fucoids and kelp ...


LS.LMu Littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Shores of fine particulate sediment, mostly in the silt and clay fraction (particle size less than 0.063 mm in diameter), though sandy mud may contain up to 40% sand (mostly very fine and fine sand). ...


SS Sublittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Sediment habitats in the sublittoral near shore zone (i.e. covering the infralittoral and circalittoral zones), typically extending from the extreme lower shore down to the edge of the bathyal zone (2...


SS.SSa.CFiSa Circalittoral fine sand

Published date 2015-03

Clean fine sands with less than 5% silt/clay in deeper water, either on the open coast or in tide-swept channels of marine inlets in depths of over 15-20 m. The habitat may also extend offshore and is...


LS.LMu.UEst.Hed.Ol Hediste diversicolor and oligochaetes in littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

A species-poor community found in mud or slightly sandy mud in low salinity conditions, typically at the head of estuaries. The infauna is dominated by the ragworm Hediste diversicolor which is typica...



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