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LR.HLR.FR.Fdis Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana on extremely exposed upper shore rock

Published date 2015-03

Extremely exposed gently or steeply sloping upper shore bedrock which supports a mixture of the wracks Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana, the latter often at the top of the zone. On some site...


IR.LIR.IFaVS.HarCon Hartlaubella gelatinosa and Conopeum reticulum on low salinity infralittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Upper estuarine mixed hard substrata colonised by very sparse communities of animals with low species richness and with a few seaweeds in very shallow water. In the Tamar estuary the hydroid Hartlaube...


LR.LLR.F.Fspi Fucus spiralis on sheltered upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered upper eulittoral bedrock is typically characterised by a band of the spiral wrack Fucus spiralis overlying the black lichen Verrucaria maura. Underneath the fronds of F. spiralis and the occ...


SS.SBR.Crl Coral reefs

Published date 2015-03

The coral reef structures in UK waters are found in cold (4-13°C), largely aphotic waters, generally along the shelf edge and in offshore waters down to 2000m. In the north east Atlantic, Lophelia per...


LR.FLR.Eph.UlvPor Porphyra purpurea and Ulva spp. on sand-scoured mid or lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed and moderately exposed mid-shore bedrock and boulders occurring adjacent to areas of sand which significantly affects the rock. As a consequence of sand-abrasion, wracks such as Fucus vesiculo...


SS.SBR.Crl.Lop Lophelia reefs

Published date 2015-03

Reefs of the coral Lophelia pertusa, typically supporting a range of other biota. Lophelia reefs are generally found in areas of elevated current. The coral provides a three dimensional structure and ...


LR.FLR.CvOv.ChrHap Chrysophyceae and Haptophyceae on vertical upper littoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Orange, brownish or blackish gelatinous bands of algae at high tide and supralittoral levels on open cliff faces and on upper walls and ceilings at entrances and to the rear of upper and mid-shore har...


LR.FLR.Lic.Bli Blidingia spp. on vertical littoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical soft rock in the littoral fringe may be characterised by a band of the green seaweeds Blidingia minima and Blidingia marginata. Unbranched filamentous green seaweeds, including Ulothrix flacc...


IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp.GzPk Grazed Laminaria hyperborea park with coralline crusts on lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed Laminaria hyperborea kelp park in some areas is intensively grazed by the urchin Echinus esculentus. The rock surface lacks a significant turf of foliose seaweeds and gen...


SS.SMx.CMx.FluHyd Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

This biotope represents part of a transition between sand-scoured circalittoral rock where the epifauna is conspicuous enough to be considered as a biotope and a sediment biotope where an infaunal sam...



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