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SS.SMu.IFiMu.Are Arenicola marina in infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

In very shallow, extremely sheltered, very soft muds Arenicola marina may form very conspicuous mounds and casts. This biotope may also contain synaptid holothurians such as Labidoplax media and Lepto...


IR.MIR.KR.Ldig.Pid Laminaria digitata and piddocks on sublittoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Soft rock, such as chalk, in the sublittoral fringe characterised by Laminaria digitata and rock-boring animals such as piddocks Barnea candida and Pholas dactylus, the bivalve Hiatella arctica and wo...


LS.LMx Littoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shores of mixed sediments ranging from muds with gravel and sand components to mixed sediments with pebbles, gravels, sands and mud in more even proportions. By definition, mixed sediments are poorly ...


CR.FCR.Cv.SpCup Sponges, cup corals and anthozoans on shaded or overhanging circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope occurs on shaded and overhanging rock, such as on cave walls and ceilings although there are very few records of caves in conditions not subject to wave surge (i.e. deeper circalittoral h...


LR.LLR.F.Asc.FS Ascophyllum nodosum on full salinity mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Bedrock, stable boulders and cobbles in the mid-eulittoral zone of moderately exposed to extremely sheltered shores, in fully marine conditions, characterised by a dense canopy of the wrack Ascophyllu...


IR.LIR.K.SLat.Pk Saccharina latissima park on very sheltered lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Silty bedrock or boulders with a Saccharina latissima park (often the cape-form). Beneath the canopy, the rock is covered by encrusting coralline algae, and the urchin Echinus esculentus is often pres...


IR.LIR.K.Slat Saccharina latissima on very sheltered infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very sheltered infralittoral rock dominated by the kelp Saccharina latissima. Typically very silty and often with few associated seaweeds due to siltation, grazing or shading from the dense kelp canop...


IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp Laminaria hyperborea and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed infralittoral bedrock and boulders characterised by a canopy of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea beneath which is an under-storey of foliose red seaweeds and coralline crusts. Some red...


IR.FIR.SG.CrSp Crustose sponges on extremely wave-surged infralittoral cave or gully walls

Published date 2015-03

Walls, or massive boulders, in caves or gullies that are subject to severe wave-surge and characterised by extensive thin crusts of the sponge Halichondria panicea with smaller patches of other sponge...


IR.LIR.K.Slat.Ft Saccharina latissima forest on very sheltered upper infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered sublittoral fringe and infralittoral bedrock, boulders and cobbles characterised by a dense canopy of the kelp Saccharina latissima. In such sheltered conditions, a di...



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