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LR.MLR.MusF.MytFR Mytilus edulis, Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Lower eulittoral moderately exposed bedrock covered by a dense community of large individuals of the mussel Mytilus edulis, often with a scarce covering of the wrack Fucus serratus and red seaweeds. T...


SS.SMu.OMu.AfalPpin Ampharete falcata turf with Parvicardium pinnulatum on cohesive muddy sediment near margins of deep stratified seas

Published date 2015-03

Dense stands of Ampharete falcata tubes which protrude from muddy sediments, appearing as a turf or meadow in localised areas. These areas seem to occur on a crucial point on a depositional gradient b...


SS.SBR.SMus.ModMvar Modiolus modiolus beds with Mimachlamys varia, sponges, hydroids and bryozoans on slightly tide-swept very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Dense Modiolus modiolus beds, covered by hydroids and bryozoans, on soft gravelly, shelly mud with pebbles in areas of slight or moderate tidal currents. The variable scallop (Mimachlamys varia) is fr...


LR.LLR.F.Asc Ascophyllum nodosum on very sheltered mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered mid eulittoral rock with the wrack Ascophyllum nodosum. The red seaweed Vertebrata lanosa is often found growing as an epiphyte on the A. nodosum fronds while disturbe...


IR.LIR.K.LhypSlat.Ft Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima forest on sheltered upper infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered, often silted, upper infralittoral bedrock and boulder slopes with mixed kelps Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima and red seaweeds beneath. The kelp at these sheltered sites often...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.PhiVir Philine aperta and Virgularia mirabilis in soft stable infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Physically very stable muds, occasionally with small stones, with a high proportion of fine material (typically greater than 80 %) may contain the opisthobranch Philine aperta and the seapen Virgulari...


SS.SMu.OMu.LevHet Levinsenia gracilis and Heteromastus filifirmis in offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

In deep offshore mud and sandy mud, a community characterised by the polychaetes Levinsenia gracilis and Heteromastus filiformis may occur. Other important taxa may include Paramphinome jeffreysii, Ne...


SS.SMu.ISaMu.AmpPlon Ampelisca spp., Photis longicaudata and other tube-building amphipods and polychaetes in infralittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Sublittoral stable cohesive sandy muds occurring over a wide depth range may support large populations of semi-permanent tube-building amphipods and polychaetes. In particular large numbers of the amp...


LR.HLR.FR.Coff.Coff Corallina officinalis and Mastocarpus stellatus on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed lower eulittoral rock or moderately exposed lower eulittoral vertical rock that supports a dense turf of the red seaweed Corallina officinalis, often on wave surged rocky slopes. There is usua...


SS.SSa.IMuSa.EcorEns Echinocardium cordatum and Ensis spp. in lower shore and shallow sublittoral slightly muddy fine sand

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered lower shore and shallow sublittoral sediments of sand or muddy fine sand in fully marine conditions, support populations of the urchin Echinocardium cordatum and the razor shell Ensis siliqu...



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