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SS.SMx.SMxLS Sublittoral mixed sediment in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)

Published date 2015-03

Shallow, muddy mixed sediments in areas of low or reduced, although stable, salinity (may vary annually) with largely ephemeral faunal communities. Characterised by infaunal oligochaetes, including Ba...


SS.SMu.SMuVS.PolCvol Polydora ciliata and Corophium volutator in variable salinity infralittoral firm mud or clay

Published date 2015-03

Variable salinity clay and firm mud characterised by a turf of the polychaete Polydora ciliata along with the amphipod Corophium volutator. Other important taxa include the polychaetes Pygospio elegan...


CR.FCR Features of circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral rock features include circalittoral fouling communities (CR.FCR.FouFa) and circalittoral caves and overhangs (CR.FCR.Cv). These features are present throughout the circalittoral zone in ...


IR.MIR.KT.SlatT Saccharina latissima with foliose red seaweeds and ascidians on sheltered tide-swept infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered, tide-swept rock in south-western Britain tends to be restricted to estuarine conditions, where variable salinity and increased turbidity have a significant effect on the biota. Due to the t...


CR.MCR.EcCr.CarSp.Bri Brittlestars overlying coralline crusts, Parasmittina trispinosa and Caryophyllia smithii on wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This variant is typically found on the upper faces of wave-exposed circalittoral bedrock or boulders subject to moderately strong to weak tidal streams, on open coasts. However, the depth at which the...


SS.SMp.KSwSS Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow sublittoral sediments which support seaweed communities, typically including the kelp Saccharina latissima, the bootlace weed Chorda filum and various red and brown seaweeds, particularly fila...


IR.LIR.K.LhypCape Silted cape-form Laminaria hyperborea on very sheltered infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Cape-form of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea on very silted rock, particularly in extremely sheltered sealochs of western Scotland. Below the huge kelp fronds (which often trail onto the seabed) foliose...


IR.LIR.K Silted kelp communities (sheltered infralittoral rock)

Published date 2015-03

Infralittoral rock in wave and tide-sheltered conditions, supporting silty communities with Laminaria hyperborea and/or Saccharina latissima. Associated seaweeds are typically silt-tolerant and includ...


IR.MIR.KT Kelp and seaweed communities in tide-swept sheltered conditions

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered infralittoral rock exposed to strong tidal streams. In the sublittoral fringe dense Laminaria digitata is found together with erect seaweeds, sponges, ascidians and bryozoans (LdigT). Below ...


SS.SSa.CMuSa.AbraAirr Acrocnida brachiata with Astropecten irregularis and other echinoderms in circalittoral muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

In shallow, circalittoral non-cohesive muddy sand (typically less than 20% silt/clay) abundant populations of the brittlestar Acrocnida brachiata may occur with other echinoderms such as Astropecten i...



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