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SS.SMu.CFiMu.BlyrAchi Brissopsis lyrifera and Amphiura chiajei in circalittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Mud in deep offshore, or shallower stable nearshore, waters can be characterised by the urchin Brissopsis lyrifera and the brittle star Amphiura chiajei. Where intense benthic dredge fishing activity ...


IR.MIR.KR.HiaSw Hiatella arctica and seaweeds on vertical limestone / chalk.

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is found in the infralittoral zone on moderately exposed vertical limestone/chalk surfaces in weak tidal streams, and has been recorded most frequently between 0-10m. This biotope is char...


SS.SSa.SSaVS.MoSaVS Infralittoral mobile sand in variable salinity (estuaries)

Published date 2015-03

Very mobile sand in areas of strong tidal currents and variable salinity. No stable community is able to develop within this extremely mobile and abrasive habitat. The fauna encountered in this habita...


SS.SMp.SSgr.Zmar Zostera marina/angustifolia beds on lower shore or infralittoral clean or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Expanses of clean or muddy fine sand and sandy mud in shallow water and on the lower shore (typically to about 5 m depth) can have dense stands of Zostera marina/angustifolia [Note: the taxonomic stat...


IR.LIR.KVS Kelp in variable or reduced salinity

Published date 2015-03

Very wave-sheltered bedrock, boulders and cobbles subject to only weak tidal streams in the sublittoral fringe and infralittoral zone, in areas of variable/reduced salinity. This biotope complex is ch...


LS.LSa Littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Shores comprising clean sands (coarse, medium or fine-grained) and muddy sands with up to 25% silt and clay fraction. Shells and stones may occasionally be present on the surface. The sand may be dune...


LS.LMx Littoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shores of mixed sediments ranging from muds with gravel and sand components to mixed sediments with pebbles, gravels, sands and mud in more even proportions. By definition, mixed sediments are poorly ...


SS.SSa.OSa.MalEdef Maldanid polychaetes and Eudorellopsis deformis in offshore circalittoral sand or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

In deep offshore sand or non-cohesive muddy sand dense populations of maldanid polychaetes such as Maldane sarsi and the cumacean Eudorellopsis deformis may be found. Accompanying these species are ab...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.Are Arenicola marina in infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

In very shallow, extremely sheltered, very soft muds Arenicola marina may form very conspicuous mounds and casts. This biotope may also contain synaptid holothurians such as Labidoplax media and Lepto...


LS.LSa.MuSa.Lan Lanice conchilega in littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

This biotope usually occurs on flats of medium fine sand and muddy sand, most often on the lower shore but sometimes also on waterlogged mid shores. The sand may contain a proportion of shell fragment...



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