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CR Circalittoral rock (and other hard substrata)

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral rock is present all around the coast of the United Kingdom, and is characterised by animal dominated communities (a departure from the algae dominated communities in the infralittoral zo...


SS.SBR.SMus.MytSS Mytilus edulis beds on sublittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow sublittoral mixed sediment, in fully marine coastal habitats or sometimes in variable salinity conditions in the outer regions of estuaries, are characterised by beds of the common mussel Myti...


SS.SSa.SSaLS Sublittoral sand in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)

Published date 2015-03

Shallow sand and muddy sand in areas of low or reduced, although relatively stable salinity (may vary annually), with largely ephemeral faunal communities. The species are often similar to that found ...


SS.SMu.OMu.ForThy Foraminiferans and Thyasira sp. in deep circalittoral fine mud

Published date 2015-03

In deep water and soft muds of Boreal and Arctic areas, a community dominated by foraminiferans and the bivalve Thyasira sp. (e.g. T. croulinensis and T. pygmaea) may occur (Thorson 1957; Künitzer et...


SS.SMp.Mrl Maerl beds

Published date 2015-03

Beds of maerl in coarse clean sediments of gravels and clean sands, which occur either on the open coast or in tide-swept channels of marine inlets (the latter often stony). In fully marine conditions...


IR.FIR.SG.CC.BalSpi Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter with spirorbid worms and coralline crusts on severely-scoured vertical infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Severely scoured bedrock in wave-surged caves, tunnels or gullies often looks rather bare, and may be characterised by a limited scour-tolerant fauna of Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter...


SS.SMx.IMx.CreAsAn Crepidula fornicata with ascidians and anemones on infralittoral coarse mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Medium-coarse sands with gravel, shells, pebbles and cobbles on moderately exposed coasts may support populations of the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata with ascidians and anemones. C. fornicata is...


SS.SMx.IMx Infralittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow mixed (heterogeneous) sediments in fully marine or near fully marine conditions, supporting various animal-dominated communities, with relatively low proportions of seaweeds. This habitat may ...


CR.HCR.FaT.CTub.CuSp Tubularia indivisa and cushion sponges on tide-swept turbid circalittoral bedrock

Published date 2015-03

This variant is typically found on the vertical and upper faces of strongly tide-swept, exposed circalittoral bedrock and boulders. It is commonly associated with areas where turbidity levels are high...


IR.FIR.SG Infralittoral surge gullies and caves

Published date 2015-03

Infralittoral rocky habitats subject to strong wave surge conditions, as found in surge gullies and shallow caves, and typically colonised by faunal communities of encrusting or cushion sponges, colon...



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