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CR.LCR.BrAs.NovPro Novocrania anomala and Protanthea simplex on sheltered circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope typically occurs in full to variable salinity conditions on very wave-sheltered circalittoral bedrock and boulder slopes subject to negligible tidal streams (this tends to be in the landw...


IR.MIR.KT.XKTX Mixed kelp and red seaweeds on infralittoral boulders, cobbles and gravel in tidal rapids

Published date 2015-03

Mixed substrata of boulders, cobbles, pebbles and gravel, typically found in tidal rapids with kelp Saccharina latissima and Laminaria hyperborea and red seaweeds. L. saccharina usually dominates this...


M.AtUB.Ro Atlantic upper bathyal rock and other hard substrata

Published date 2015-03

Rock and other hard substrate has a more diverse epifaunal community as species attach to the hard surface that in turn attract more fauna. Deep-sea rock is generally encrusted in a range of species i...


M.ArUA.Ro Arctic upper abyssal rock and other hard substrata

Published date 2015-03

Rock and other hard substrate has a more diverse epifaunal community as species attach to the hard surface that in turn attract more fauna. Deep-sea rock is generally encrusted in a range of species i...


LR.FLR.CvOv.GCv Green algal films on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings

Published date 2015-03

The upper walls and ceilings of upper and mid-shore hard and soft rock (chalk) dominated by a band of green algal films (or 'stains'). Other encrusting algae including the non-calcified Hildenbrandia ...


CR.HCR.XFa.Mol Molgula manhattensis with a hydroid and bryozoan turf on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is typically found on slightly sand-scoured, tide-swept, moderately exposed circalittoral bedrock and cobbles. It is commonly recorded from the shallower reaches of the circalittoral arou...


LR.FLR.CvOv.FaCr Faunal crusts on wave-surged littoral cave walls

Published date 2015-03

The inner walls of caves, predominantly in the mid shore in wave-surged conditions dominated by barnacles Semibalanus balanoides, and Verruca stroemia, with patches of encrusting sponges such as Halic...


LR.FLR.CvOv.VmucHil Verrucaria mucosa and/or Hildenbrandia rubra on upper to mid shore cave walls

Published date 2015-03

The upper walls and ceilings of the entrances and inner reaches of upper shore caves affected by direct wave action (and therefore moistened by sea spray), characterised by a mosaic of the olive green...


CR.HCR.FaT.CTub Tubularia indivisa on tide-swept circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is typically found on the vertical and upper faces of strongly tide-swept, wave-exposed circalittoral bedrock and boulders. It is characterised by a dense carpet of the robust hydroid Tub...


M.AtMB.Ro.BarCom Barnacle dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata

Published date 2015-03

This broad community includes all biotopes where barnacle species are the dominant fauna. The species of barnacle will vary with depth and location. This community is found on rock and associated fau...



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