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IR.HIR.KFaR.Ala.Myt Alaria esculenta, Mytilus edulis and coralline crusts on very exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock characterised by the kelp Alaria esculenta and dense patches of small individuals of the mussel Mytilus edulis, both of which grow over a dense cover of encrust...


LR.FLR.CvOv.SpByAs Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves

Published date 2015-03

Overhanging, and shaded vertical, bedrock on the lower shore and in lower shore caves, which is not subject to appreciable wave-surge, characterised by crusts of bryozoans including Oshurkovia littora...


IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypRVt Laminaria hyperborea and red seaweeds on exposed vertical rock

Published date 2015-03

On exposed coasts with moderately strong to weak tidal currents generally at depths of 0-10m, vertical rock communities dominated by frequent Laminaria hyperborea and its commonly associated red seawe...


IR.HIR.KSed.Sac Saccorhiza polyschides and other opportunistic kelps on disturbed sublittoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed low-lying reefs in the sublittoral fringe or upper infralittoral (generally above 5m depth), mainly in the southwest and west, dominated by the kelp Saccorhiza polyschides. This opportunistic ...


LR.MLR.MusF.MytPid Mytilus edulis and piddocks on eulittoral firm clay

Published date 2015-03

Clay outcrops in the mid to lower eulittoral which are bored by a variety of piddocks including Pholas dactylus, Barnea candida and Petricolaria pholadiformis. The surface of the clay is characterised...


LR.FLR.Lic.UloUro Ulothrix flacca and Urospora spp. on freshwater-influenced vertical littoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

An assemblage of the small un-branched filamentous green seaweeds Ulothrix flacca, Urospora penicilliformis and Urospora wormskioldii at High Water Spring Tide level on steep and vertical rock often i...


LR.FLR.Lic.Ver Verrucaria maura on littoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Bedrock or stable boulders and cobbles in the littoral fringe which is covered by the black lichen Verrucaria maura. This lichen typically covers the entire rock surface giving a distinct black band i...


LR.MLR.BF.Fser Fucus serratus on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Lower eulittoral bedrock and stable boulders on moderately exposed to sheltered shores with a canopy of the wrack Fucus serratus and an associated fauna consisting of the limpet Patella vulgata, the b...


LR.MLR.BF.PelB Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed steep, lower littoral fringe rock and mixed substrata characterised by the wrack Pelvetia canaliculata and sparse barnacles Chthamalus montagui and Semibalanus balanoides...


IR.MIR.KR.Ldig Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed sublittoral fringe rock characterised by the kelp Laminaria digitata with coralline crusts covering the rock beneath the kelp canopy. Foliose red seaweeds such as Palmari...



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